Hydrofracture Properties via Signals from Hydraulic Pumps: an Overview

Huge water powered breaking is utilized to upgrade creation from the low porous diatomite fields of Kern County, CA. Albeit discriminating for outlining infusion and recuperation well examples, the in-situ pressure driven break geometry is ineffectively caught on. In 1990, Shell led a broad seismic observing investigation on a few hydro fractures preceding a steam drive pilot to portray hydro-fracture geometry. The seismic information was recorded by established down hole geophone exhibits in three perception gaps MO-1, MO-2, and MO-3 situated close to the waterpowered break treatment wells. Utilizing low pass separating and move out the investigation, occasions in the geophone recordings are distinguished as cone-shaped shear waves emanating from tube waves going down the treatment well. These circumstances give off an impression of being made by the water powered pumps after their amplitudes are connected with the infusion rate and the wellhead weight. Funnel-shaped wave amplitudes are identified with the tube wave constriction in the treatment well and to wave-engendering qualities of the steep part going in the earth. Amid the primary breaking stage, geophones over the crack zone for wells MO-1 and MO-2 both generally along the construed vertical break plane is shown cone-shaped wave abundance builds that are brought on by shear wave reflection scattering off the highest point of a break zone. From changes in the reflection adequacy as a component of profundity, we translate that the break zone at first stretches out along a bound vertical plane at an acuity that corresponds with a significant portion of the micro-seismic occasions. Around the fundamental's end breaking stage, the crack zone augments upward furthermore reaches out in width, in spite of the fact that we can't focus the crack's measurements from the reflection amplitudes alone. For all wells, we watch that the reflection and what we induce to be the beginning break starts amid a period where no checked change in break weight or infusion rate or slurry focus has been watched. As the primary cracking stage advanced, we observed a considerable reduction insufficiency for geophones underneath the highest point of the break zone. The weakening was most proclaimed for wells MO-1 and MO-2 along the crack plane. Notwithstanding, close to the primary's end stage, well MO-3 likewise showed a considerable abundance decline, recommending the improvement of a broke ''procedure zone'' around the principle crack plane. In the expansion, well MO-3 similarly displayed an adequacy diminish in an interim well underneath the first break zone. Both the temporary and the heading toward MO-3. Compare with temperature log expands saw amid later steam infusion.