Comparison of renal profile in obese hypertensive and non-obese hypertensive patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital – A two year study

Introduction: Obesity is a nutritional disorder and associated with excess fat deposition due to altered balance between energy intake and consumption. Obesity and obesity related hypertension are identified as risk factors in development of diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Obesity alters the hemodynamic functions of organs and is a threat for development of cardiovascular diseases, renal failure and peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to compare the renal profile among healthy individuals, obese individuals, obese with preexisting hypertension and obese individuals without hypertension. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional observational study was conducted at ACSR government medical college and hospital, a tertiary care hospital for a period of two years from October 2014 to September 2016. 120 subjects were divided into 4 groups with 30 in each group, healthy, obese, non obese hypertensive and obese hypertensives. Results: All the measured variables in all the four groups of the study were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. BMI of 32.1 ± 2.1 was observed in obese group whereas 22.1 ± 3.1 was observed in healthy group. Statistically significant correlation was found with BMI, S. urea, S. creatinine, S. uricacid and estimated Glomerular filtration rate (‘p' value <0.005). Discussion: To conclude, obesity related metabolic abnormalities and impairment of renal function may present even at a young age and may progress asymptomatically before the development of clinical manifestations. Hence there is a need to develop global strategy for maintaining the increased number of overweight and obese patients in the community.