Histopathological evaluation of cerebral lesions

Introduction: A cerebral lesion refers to any type of abnormal tissue found in the brain, particularly in the cerebral cortex. The cerebrum is responsible for allowing voluntary movements within the human body. Cerebral tumors arise from tissue throughout the brain. Neuroglial cells mainly consist of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. These cells provide shelter and maintenance for neurons. About half of the primary CNS tumors derive from glial cells. Aims and Objectives: To study the lesions of cerebrum with age and sex incidence and to find the incidence between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and correlation with radiological appearance and histopathological findings of the lesions. Materials and Methods: A present study including of 150 cases of cerebral lesions. All surgical biopsies were taken at department of Neurosurgery and then send for the histopathology examination in department of Pathology of Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College attached with Sheth V.S. General Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat from July 2011 to June 2013. Results: Out of these total 150 biopsies, 100 were diagnosed as neoplastic lesions and 50 were diagnosed as non-neoplastic lesions. Among the neoplastic lesions, majority cases were of Gliomas (82%). Among the non-neoplastic lesions, majority cases were of infectious origin (60%). Out of total 82 cases of gliomas, 64 were of astrocytic Gliomas (78%). The peak age incidence for patients with neoplastic lesions was the 4th and 5th decade while that for benign lesions was 1st and 3rd decade. The male to female ratio was 2.7:1. Summary and Conclusion: Among the 100 neoplastic lesions most common was Gliomas. Among the glioma, most common was the Astrocytoma (78%) which was followed by the oligodendroglioma (11%) and then Ependymoma (6%). Overall male: female ratio was 2.7:1 in the patient with Glial tumors. Out of 50 non neoplastic cerebral lesions, 30 (60%) were of infectious origin.