Geographic Routing In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Adaptive Position Update.

In geographic routing, nodes need to maintain latest positions of their direct neighbors for making with effect forwarding decisions. Continuing broadcasting of beacon packets that control the geographic location coordinates of the nodes is a popular method used by most geographic routing protocols to maintain neighbor positions. Validate the periodic beaconing regardless of the node mobility and a traffic pattern in the network is not attractive from both update cost and routing performance points of view. The system proposes the Adaptive Position Update (APU) strategy for geographic routing, which energetically adjusts the frequency of position updates based on the mobility dynamics of the nodes and the forwarding patterns in the network. APU is based on two simple principles: nodes whose movements are harder to predict update their positions more frequently (and vice versa), and Nodes closer to forwarding paths update their positions more frequently (and vice versa). The analysis, which is implemented by Dot net framework of a famous geographic route-planning protocol, Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol (GPSR), acts that APU can significantly reduce the update cost and improve the routing performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay in comparison with periodic beaconing and other recently proposed briefing schemes. The benefits of APU are further confirmed by undertaking evaluations in realistic network states, which account for localization error, realistic radio reproduction, and sparse network.