COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL STUDIES OF PONDS IN AND AROUND VARANASI CITY

Scarceness of water, pollution lode, political issues and increasing population has drawn a great attending for proper direction of water resources such as surface water in 21st century. India is one of the developing country having halcyon fresh water resources in the form of rivers, kunds or pool, ponds and lakes etc. Varanasi is a spiritual city and is popularly known for its mythic ponds & kunds. The evolution, urbanization and lode of the various pollutant sources lead to deterioration of the ponds. In the present paper physico- chemical quality parameters of five major hallowed ponds existing from past time at the Varanasi city studied in the year 2008- 2010. The important water quality parameters studied were temperature, PH, electrical conductance, total dissolved solid (TDS), total solid (TS), total hardness , chloride, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen(DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) etc. The experimental results suggests that DO (745mg/L), TS (24432mg/L), Total hardness (30327mg/L), Chloride (3057mg/L),EC (7054?scm-1) were very high as compared to the allowable limit of drinking and irrigation water quality standards in water sample (WA1- Ramnager pond) while lower in sample (WA5- Bhabhniaw pond, WA3-Kapildhara pond,WA4- Control pond). Among all five ponds the Ramnagar ,Ashapur, Kapildhara ,Control and Bhabhniaw pond site have objectionable water quality especially with respect to human health, biotic life and integral ecosystems. The drainage area study to find out the major subscriber of the deterioration in water quality of these ponds various expose rite activities, domestic waste water, industrial polluted water, discharge of effluents from tabernacle and agricultural waste etc.