An Optimal Approach for Secure and Energy Efficient Data Transfer in WSN using Hierarchical and Dynamic Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), the wireless connections are prone to different type of attacks. Therefore, security of the data that transfer over the wireless network is a measure concern in WSN. Due to the limitation of nodes' energy, efficient energy utilization is also an important factor. Hence to provide security along with efficient energy utilization of sensor nodes, Secure and Energy Efficient Hierarchical and Dynamic Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (HiDE) scheme is proposed. It includes a hierarchical cluster-based architecture consisting of a several Area Clusters and a Backbone Network. To provide security Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is used. For energy efficient data transmission, Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is used to select the Cluster Head dynamically. Each Cluster Head collects the data from their own cluster and transmit to the Destination through the Gateway (GW) in the Backbone Network. However, limited by the coverage of Gateway, Source Gateway may not be directly linked with the Destination Gateway in a single hop, so needs to hop through other Gateways to reach the Destination. Data encryption using Elliptic Curve Cryptography provides high security with small key size than the existing RSA. Key management includes key computation, key exchanges, data encryption and decryption. Cluster-based cryptographic mechanism provides efficient energy utilization of sensor nodes along with security and lower message overhead. Thus, Hierarchical and Dynamic Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem can protect the confidentiality of sensitive data with low computation complexity, and also keep the performance of the network in Wireless Sensor Network.