Identification of Secondary Metabolites, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Grape Fruit (Vitis vinifera) Skin Extract

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Vitis venifera in fruit skin extract against clinically important pathogens. Materials and methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening of grape skin extracts was carried out by secondary metabolites assay. The secondary metabolites and functional groups of the Vitis venifera were identified by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The FT-IR analysis were performed for the presence of different chemical groups like reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides. Antibacterial assay of V. venifera fruit skin aqueous extract were carried out by agar-well diffusion method with different pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using Diphenyl picryl hydrazine (DPPH) scavenging assay. Results: The grape fruit skin extract showed good bactericidal activity against both the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The phytochemical profile found the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, and sterols. Finally, the GCMS spectrum showed the presence of the compounds such as α- Tocopherol, β-D-mannoside, Lupenone, Glycerin, Cymene, Ethyl Oleate, L-glucose, Norolean-12-ene, Palmitic acid, Cis oleic acid, norolean-12-ene , ϒ-sitosterol, D-Allose , (+-)-p-menth-1-en-4-ol, Cis-Dimethyl morphine, Procyanidin B1, B2, C1 and flavon-3-ol. Conclusion: The present study showed that grape skin extracts contained substantial bioactive compounds, which possessed antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-obesity properties.