Comparison of butorphanol and fentanyl for balanced anaesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study

Back ground: Laparoscopic surgeries have advantages like shorter stay and rapid return to normal activities because of small incision and les pain. Pain is an unpleasant sensation in the post-operative period. Methods: Fifty patients of American society Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II, scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery, were randomized into butorphanol group (Group B) (n=25) and fentanyl group (Group F) (n=25). Four minutes before induction of anesthesia, Group B received inj. butorphanol 40 ?g/Kg intravenously while Group F received Inj. fentanyl 2 ?g/kg intravenously. All patients received general anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), and oxygen saturation were monitored at different intervals. Results: The demographic data was comparable in both groups (p