Study of the behavior of cultivars from a world collection of olive (Olea spp.) in Morocco

In Marrakech (Morocco), a world collection of the genetic resources of the olive-tree was established. This collection currently contains 600 cultivars of various origins. However, work of characterization of these cultivars remains very limited. The objective of this study was to emphasize these genetic resources through their agronomic characterization. We studied certain agronomic characters on some of the most productive cultivars during the 4 years of production 2007-2008-2009 and 2010. Fifteen cultivars originating in various countries that show a cumulated average production higher than 20Kg were then selected for studies of behavior namely: strength, floral biology and the content of oil. The study of vigor of all cultivars showed that Alameno de Marchene, Haouzia, Manzanilla de Sevilla, and Sevillano de Jumilla are most vigorous whereas the cultivars Acebuchera and Blanqueta are the least vigorous and could be used for a system of high density. Analysis of floral phenology of the 15 cultivars revealed overlapping between the majorities of them. This result will contribute to the determination of the adequate pollination for each cultivar. The analysis of the index of compatibility showed that four cultivars (Azeitoneira, Koroneiki, Amargoso and Acebuchera) are self-fertilizing. This study proposes a base of knowledge for the valorization of the Moroccan genetic resources of olive.