MAX SCHELER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY AND SYMPATHY. PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF MAX SCHELER’S BOOK “THE NATURE OF SYMPATHY” (SECTION A, I — II)

The article is intended to emphasize the essential significance of Max Scheler, one of the leaders of the “Munich phenomenology”, in the phenomenological movement of the twentieth century, because his role in it is clearly understated today and his phenomenology does not simply amount to a historical context. The author examines the reasons why Scheler's phenomenology has not received the proper recognition, research and development, appearing in the shadow of such figures as Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and others. The article reveals the originality and actuality of Scheler in the field of phenomenological research of intersubjective problems — he began to investigate its in his publications of the 10-ies of the last century first among philosophers. Separately, author marks the principal differences in the solution of the problem of intersubjectivity and the relationship between the I and the Other in the writings of E. Husserl and M. Scheler. So, Scheler's understanding of intersubjective relations was based on personalistic, axiological, emotional grounds; he did not exaggerate the meaning of the activity of the Self; he turned to the experience of modern psychological theories (for example, Gestalt psychology), especially in the analysis of the perception of the Other in child psychology; he noted intersubjective community as a priori characteristic of human being. At the same time, the connection between Scheler's understanding of the relationship of the I and the Other and Heideggerian is noted, and his influence to the existential psychotherapy and logotherapy of V. Frankl is a fact. In conclusion author analyzed the four main forms of sympathy that Scheler explores at the beginning of his final work (“The Nature of Sympathy”) in the field of phenomenology of intersubjectivity. As it seems to the author of the article, Scheler's phenomenology of intersubjectivity is actually today, it can help to more productive reveal the phenomenological potential and deserves more attention and studying.