INTERNAL GENDER MIGRATION: A MOVE FOR SEEKING BETTER LIFE OPPORTUNITIES

Migration has been part and parcel of human life throughout the history and it is an important to factor in redistribution of the population over time and space. Across the world and country people are on move, seeking for a better life, future and opportunities for self/family and some move as due to some natural calamity. A study by UN in 2016 found that India had the largest “diaspora” in the world, which is around 16 million followed by other countries. Globally almost half of all international migrants are women. Around 50 per cent women migrant of the entire migrant, increasingly migrate for a new job, opportunities, independently as a breadwinner for the families and some migrate as the dependent.Apart from this, there is also a growing demand for labour and mostly focused on domestic work, services, hospitality, and sex across the country and globe. Indeed, labour migration help and benefit women through economic and socio-cultural empowerment, but still they are surrounded and exposed to a variety of abuse and risks arising from their mobility due to their dual vulnerability as migrants and women. In all migration streams (Urban to rural, rural to urban, Urban to urban) the men migrant contribution per cent was more than their women counterparts, except in rural to rural migration stream where migration rate of women migrant was found to be distinct (70.00 %). Migration rate of women migrant in both rural (47.7 %) and urban area (45.6 %) was found to be higher than migration rate of men migrant (rural 5.4 %, urban 25.9 %). The migration ,as caused by several reasons, in employment related reason migration rate of urban men migrant, was spotted more compared to rural men migrant but in security-related reasons women migrants were found dominant compared to their counterparts. Migration rate of women migrant increased in the age group of 20-24 years and 25-29 years. And among the Northeastern states, Sikkim was found to have the highest per cent of women migrant in both rural(41.1 %) and urban areas (72.9 %) per 1000 person. Migration indeed brings better opportunities to the migrant, but positive and negative impacts of migration are two sides of the same coin. It facilities growth in the economy, at the same time, involves social isolation and poor access to basic amenities. It creates a shortage of worker, lower business in rural areas The present study is based on reviews and Secondary data extracted from NSSO. This paper attempted to give a brief overview of internal migration among Gender and some recommendation based on a study that the responsible authority should plan for providing incentives to reduce undesired migration, rural development programmes which aimed at increasing rural production, efficiency, and incomes.