Formation of risks of fish fauna survival in ecosystems of river basins of Ukraine. The concept of the science “Riskology”

Purpose. To detect the sources of the appearance of risks in water basins and consequences from their formation for environment and fish fauna. Development of conceptual foundations of environmental-economic and social science “riskology”. Methodology. During the work, we used general ichthyological studies and results of monitoring fish surveys in wintering grounds of the hydrographic network of the lowland part of Ukranian territory including Dnieper River basin in the middle part: Trubizh, Udai; Styr, Ikva, channel reservoirs: Khrinnytske (Styr River), Mlynivske (Ikva River); Goryn, Sluch, Basivkutske on the Ustia River (a right tributary of the Goryn River); Shatsky lakes in the Prypiat River basin. Findings. A mass of organic susbatnce accumulated for thousand years of the postglacial period is a stabilizer of climate and at the same time is used in economic activity – soils, reserves of drinking water, forest ranges, drained wetlands, mineral deposits, river ecosystems, as primary cells of organic substance synthesis, water quality, sewage waters. All these are wounds of the living planet. No one knows to what extent the mega-ecosystem is discturbed, what level of resistance is possible from the environment. Negative consequences of the economic use of natural resources are already observed today. Together with climatic and geophysical factors, the greenhouse effect causes changes in the heat balance of the Earth, affects the formation of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere, causes changes in climatic zones, extinction of flora and fauna species sensitive to pollution, and shortage of drinking water. Originality. A concept of the formation of risks in aquatic ecosystems of natural and anthropogenic origin has been examined. The article justifies the necessity for the advance of research area “riskology” in the development of the noospherology – a science on the harmonization of nature management under current conditions, with the possibility of predicting unpredictable consequences to the environment from human activities. Practical value. The development of the concept of the noosphere as a planet of mind requires the emergence and approval of the science of "riskology" for the creation of national standards and regulations for modern human behavior in the environment for the preservation of its habitat and existence.