OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Background: Oxidative stress due to chronic hyperglycemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Objectives: To estimate the levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation marker i.e. malondialdehyde (MDA) in type 2 DM patients with and without complications i.e., neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases compared to normal subjects. To access the association between oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus and development of its complication. Materials and methods: Plasma levels of SOD, CAT and MDA were estimated in 50 Control and 140 diabetic patients divided into: DWC group consisted of diabetic patients without complications, CAD group consisted of patients with coronary artery disease, DN group consisted of patients with diabetic nephropathy, DNe group consisted of patients with diabetic neuropathy. Spectrophotometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques have been applied for determination of MDA, CAT and SOD respectively. Results: comparing the levels of SOD and CAT in all groups, it was observed that the lowest concentration was in CAD, DN, DNe groups followed by DWC and control groups. Oxidative stress was found increased in CAD, DN, DNe groups as compared to DWC and control groups since, the highest concentration of MDA levels were observed in these groups. A significant inverse correlation was observed of HbA1c, insulin and MDA with SOD, CAT in all diabetic groups. And a significant direct correlation between HbA1C and MDA was also observed in all diabetic groups. Conclusion: The present study confirms susceptibility of diabetic patients to oxidative stress and that poor glycaemic control is associated with free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. The present study arrived to the conclusion that hyperglycemia and oxidative stress present a high risk for development of diabetic complications and need early intervention.