A clinico histopathologicalstudy of uterine cervix biopsy at tertiary care centre - 2 years study

Objective: The majority of histopathological specimens from the gynaecological department includes uterine cervix biopsy. A retrospective study was conducted for 2 years to evaluate the incidence and age wise distribution of various uterine cervical lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) by histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Thiruvarur Medical College, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu over a period of two years from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 1672 specimens were analyzed from both hysterectomy and biopsy specimens. The specimens received were formalin fixed, dehydrated in graded alcohols, embedded in paraffin wax and subsequently stained by hematoxylin and eosin stains. Results: Among the 1672 specimens, non-neoplastic lesions occupied the major part 1298(77.63%) followed by neoplastic lesions 374(22.37%). The most common histological findings among the cervix biopsy was chronic nonspecific cervicitis-1094(84.28%). However, other inflammatory lesions reported, includes chronic cervicitis with squamous metaplasia 52 (4.01%); papillary endocervicitis 34(2.62%), bartholin cyst was present in 14(1.07%). Benign endocervical polyp and leiomyomatous polyp were reported with equal incidence each of 24 (6.42%). Cervical malignancies include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN-I: 62(16.58%), CIN-II: 32 (8.55%), CIN-III: 56(14.98%). The most common cervical malignancy was squamous-cell carcinoma 170(45.45%), moderately differentiated type being the frequent. The other rare malignancies included adenocarcinoma, serous cell carcinoma and glassy cell carcinoma of cervix. Conclusion: Carcinoma of cervix is easily curable disease with advent of early diagnostic and screening procedures. Our study emphasizes the significance and implementation of protocols for early diagnosis by proper screening procedures of patients with cancer of the cervix thereby seeking timely treatment which improves their prognosis.