Are Cladribine and Rituximab Enough for the Treatment of Relapsed Hairy Cell Leukemia?

Introduction: Hairy cell leukemia is a rare B-cell lymph proliferation with long-term survivals, in general. Although therapeutic possibilities have progressed over time, many patients have recurrences and the disease can become resistant to treatment. Discovering the BRAF V600E and other genetic mutations and some pathogenetic mechanisms disruptions open new therapeutic horizons. Case presentation: We present a female patient to which the disease has been monitored for 14 years, during which she has been treated with alpha-interferon, cladribine and ituximab. The monitorization and conduct of such patients are discussed, and an analysis of the therapeutic possibilities at this stage is performed, which can be useful for physicians and researchers. Conclusion: An individual assessment of patient at diagnosis and during evolution is needed to determine which drug or drug combination is indicated and how many therapeutic lines are needed.