A Critical Review on Empirical Head - Predicting Models of Two - phase Petroleum Fluids in Electrical Submersible Pumps

This paper critically reviews empirical models, which predict head of two - phase petroleum fluids in electrical submersible pumps. The article categorises empirical models in terms of mathematical structure and parameter identification algorithm. Categories are heuristic and artificial intelligence models. Models of the former category have fairly low accuracy and 4 or fewer parameters identifiable using non - iterative methods; conversely, models the of latter category have high accuracy and tens or even hund reds of parameters. These models require complex iterative identification algorithms. Due to availability of inexpensive digital processors, use of accurate artificial intelligence models is anticipated to broaden.