Epidemiological and Evolutionary Features of Myopia in Melanoderma Children in Abidjan (Cote-D’ivoire): A 100 Cases Study in the University Hospital of Cocody

Introduction: Myopia is a spherical ametropia characterized by image formation in front of the retinal plane and responsible for a decrease in visual acuity from afar. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and evolutionary aspects of myopia in melanodermic children in Abidjan. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study that took place from 2010 to 2015 and focused on myopic subjects under 15 years of age who had 3 refractive studies, under cyclopentolate cycloplegia at 0.5%, at regular 2-year intervals. All patients were equipped with corrective lenses. Results: During the study period, 1647 children benefited from a refractive study. The prevalence of near sightedness was 19.30% (318 patients). One hundred children (200 eyes) with an average age of 8.47+/-2.08 years were included in the study. There was a feminine predominance (69%) with a sex ratio of 0.45. Low myopia was predominant in the various examinations. The average progression of myopia after the first two years was -0.45+/-0.48 D. An average worsening of -0.35+/-0.45 D between the 2nd and 4th year was observed. The average increase in 4 years was -0.80 +/- 0.54 D. Discussion: Myopia progressed during biological growth. This progression is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. We noted a slight progression of myopia in four years in melanodermic children in Abidjan.