Pseudomembranous Candidiasis Indicates High Level Drug Resistance among Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Nairobi East District, Kenya

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine antiretroviral drug resistance patterns in patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy presenting with OPC. Methods: An exploratory survey was performed among HIV-infected patients on ART for minimum of 24 months presenting with OPC in Nairobi, Kenya. Type (pseudomembraneous or erythematous candidiasis, angular cheilitis) and previous episodes of OPC, CD4-cell counts, duration, regimen and adherence on ART were compared between patients with high (>1000copies/ml) and low HIV-RNA levels. Genotypic resistance testing was performed on those with high viral loads.