SPECTRUM OF KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT DISEASES IN KASHMIRI CHILDREN

Introduction: Spectrum of renal disease varies in different ethnic population, geographical location, and by environmental factors. This variation is influenced by factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental background, and to a large extent the level of awareness. The causes are different in developing countries as compared to developed ones. Aim: The present study a retrospective analysis, forms oneof the basic data of paediatric nephrology and urology related disorders in our state. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the caserecords of all the hospitalized patients with renal and urinary tract diseases between 2016 and 2017 were performed. Case records were analysed and categorized into various groups like; Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN), Nephrotic Syndrome (NS), haematuria, Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV), Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Iract (CAKUT) and others. These groups were divided into subgroups to get more insight about the pattern of these diseases. Results: Out of 11245 patients hospitalized between 2016 and 2017 years, 180 (94 males and 86 females) patients were diagnosed of renal and urinary tract diseases which forms 1.6% the total admitted patients. Among these patients 36.1% (65/180) were diagnosed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI); 25.5% (46/180): Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); 10.0% (18/180): Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN); 6.6% (12/180): bilateral hydronephrosis with UTI; 6.6% (12/180): nephrotic syndrome (NS); 4.4% (8/180): haematuria; and 3.2% (6/180) were having CAKUT (Congenital Anomalies Of Kidney And Urinary Tract). In addition to this there were 11 cases of Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA), 1 case of Barter syndrome and 1 case of Liddle syndrome. Conclusion: The early detection of renal diseases in childhood leads to better therapy and reduction in the morbidity and mortality. Emphasis should therefore be placed on preventive nephrology. Effective referral systems, training of pediatric nephrologists and improved health care financing are advocated.