Histomorphological spectrum of colonic biopsies: A two year study

Introduction: Colonoscopy and accompanying mucosal biopsy is the diagnostic tool of choice in the evaluation of patients with colo rectal pathologies. The objectives of this study were to study the histo morphological spectrum of colonoscopic biopsies, to find age, gender, site distribution of these lesions and to correlate them with clinical presentation and colonoscopic diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The study included all the colonoscopic biopsies received at Department of Pathology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad from January 2015 to December 2016, over a period of two years. Results: There were 198 colonoscopic biopsies during this period. Two biopsies were inadequate for opinion and were excluded from the study. All the colorectal resection specimens, anal lesion were excluded from the study. Out of total 196 biopsies, 104 were non-neoplastic lesions, 92 were neoplastic lesions. Mean age of patients was 49.7 years with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Most common location of the lesion was rectum. The most common presenting complaint for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions was bleeding per rectum. Non-specific colitis was commonest non-neoplastic lesion followed by ulcerative colitis. In the neoplastic lesions, adenocarcinoma was the commonest subtype followed by adenomatous polyps. Conclusion: Both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions equally affect colon. Non-specific colitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohns disease, tuberculosis, amoebic colitis, eosinophilic enteritis, hamartomatous and hyperplastic polyps were the various non neoplastic lesions encountered in our study. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy on colonic biopsies. Carcinomas occurred at a later age than adenomas. Colonscopic diagnosis correlated well with histopathology diagnosis in carcinomas.