A REVIEW ON DIESEL INJECTORS MODELING, SPRAY AND CAVITATION

This abstract is a literature review makes use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to model the incylinder fluid flow on a common rail direct injection diesel engine, turbulence and spray characteristics using fuel injectors, simulation and experimental work. This study is based on the reports of about 43 scientists, who published their results between 1995 to 2017. Most of the scientists and researchers used CFD codes to analyze the models under simulation conditions and compared these simulated results with the existing experimental results for different fuel injectors so as to reduce major pollutions like NOX, Soot and other emissions. Some scientists have conducted experiments for the simultaneous reduction of NOX and Soot with different engines by using different turbulence modelsReynolds-Averaged Approach, Larger Eddy Simulations model, Standard k-ε model, RNG K-ε Model, Realizable K-ε Modeland Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). Scientists reported that among all the above turbulence models Re normalized Group (RNG) K-ε model is the best applicable turbulence model for engine simulation. The KIVA code is widely used for model developments in academia due to the availability of the source. However, this code resolves complex geometries. On the other hand, other commercial CFD codes such as FLUENT, AVL FIRE, AVL BOOST, GT POWER, GT BOOST, STAR CD, FIRE, VECTIS and DIESEL-RK are frequently used by the industry due to their superior mesh generation interfaces and because of their available user support. Some scientists have considered the combination of STAR- CD and KIVA code, some researchers combined KIVA 3V and FLUENT for the engine simulation using split injection, but they concluded that, it would be preferable to implement the advanced submodels directly into one commercial code for engine simulations.