Applications of protein-resistant polymer and hydrogel coatings on biosensors and biomaterials

Nonspecific protein adsorption at interfaces is a signifi� cant issue in the development of robust biosensors and implantable biomaterials. The reduction of nonspecific pro� tein adsorption plays a key role in improving the compat� ibility and efficiency of biomaterials. Modifying surfaces to achieve this goal is currently a complicated process, while the primary approach used is through chemical modifica� tion of the surface through polymer coatings. Meanwhile, anti-fouling hydrogel coating on solid substrates is a rela� tive new technique in membrane surface modification. This review describes the comprehensive knowledge and recent research efforts on protein-resistant polymer and hydro� gel coatings on the surface of biosensors, and biomaterials such as contact lenses and porous membranes. The basic concepts and mechanisms for the design and performance of polymer and hydrogel coating layers are introduced in terms of both biosensors and biomaterials. Polymer-based protein-resistant approaches for various types of basic ma� terials are then summarized and discussed.