Diagnostic utility of FNAC in thyroid lesions and their histological correlation - A case study

Fine needle aspiration of thyroid lesions forms the first diagnostic tool in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid lesions. Thyroid diseases are important as these are curable with medical as well as surgical treatment. Enlargement of thyroid called as goiter is the most common manifestation of thyroid diseases. FNAC forms an important role to determine the nature of thyroid lesion whether benign or malignant. It is simple, safe, accurate and cost effective method. This was a prospective and descriptive study done for the period of 2 years from January 2016 to December 2017 in the Department of Pathology at our tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 patients with thyroid lesions came for FNAC, out of which 50 cases were received for histopathological correlation. There were 39 cases of benign thyroid lesions out of which multinodular goiter were the commonest. Papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion amongst 11 cases. Benign lesions presented in younger age group (20-40 years) whereas malignant lesions had bimodal presentation (20-40 years and 40-60 years). Hereby I have analyzed different types of thyroid lesions in different age groups based on cytological evaluation followed by its histopathological confirmation.