Circulating Microparticles in Heart Failure: Relation to Comorbidities and Aging

Development of Heart Failure (HF) associates with endothelial dysfunction that considered a key cause for tissue injury, and target organ damage. Endothelial Microparticles (EMPs) are small membrane vesicles that originate from activated or apoptotic endothelial cells and play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication, cellular fusion, and transport of biological active molecules. EMPs contribute in different types of biological effects depending on their origin. EMPs derived from activated endothelial cells may mediate tissue and vascular repair; induce angiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell differentiation. EMPs originated from apoptotic particles support inflammation, oxidative injury, reprogramming, intercellular communication of the target cells. Balance between both phenotypes of microparticles in circulation is frequently mediated by HF stage, aging, as well as comorbidity states. The review is depicted the role of several phenotypes of EMPs in realize of comorbidity state effects on endothelial function among HF patients.