Wakouba an Antidiabetic Plant Extract with Protective Effect against Cardiovascular and Nephropathies Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia that is often the cause of complications in people with diabetes. The modern antidiabetic drugs generally used do not prevent these complications in these diabetic subjects. Wakouba regenerates β cells of Langerhans, restores insulin production and normalizes blood glucose. Wakouba, could also be a panacea to fight against diabetes and its complications. Aims: The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective role of Wakouba in streptozotocin-diabetic rats (STZ) by studying its effect on catalase activity and nitric oxide (NO) levels in their body during induced diabetes. Materials and Methods: The rats were made diabetic with Streptozotocin 55 mg / kg bw and treated with Wakouba at 1000 and 2500 mg / kg bw. NO rate was evaluated in the rat aorta by the Frouin method. The enzymatic activity of catalase was evaluated in the homogenates of the kidney and the heart by the spectrophotometric method of Elia. Results: During diabetes, the level of NO decreases significantly from 0.51 ± 0.02mM to 0.35 ± 0.01mM in the diabetic rat lot. Treatment of diabetic rats with Wakouba significantly increased (p <0.05) this NO rate until normalization. This NO value varies from 0.35 ± 0.01 mM to 0.45 ± 0.02 mM and then to 0.50 ± 0.03 mM. Treatment with Glibenclamide (Daonil) does not normalize this level of NO which varies from 0.35 ± 0.01mM to 0.37 ± 0.102mM. Regarding the activity of catalase, during diabetes, this activity increases significantly (p <0.05). It evolves from 22.23 ± 0.01mM to 32.13 ± 0.03mM in the kidney and from 13.29 ± 0.02mM to 27.12 ± 0.01mM in the heart. But treatment of diabetic rats with Wakouba at 1000 and 2500mg / kg bw brings these values of catalase back close to the normal. These values decreased significantly (p <0.05) from 32.13 ± 0.03mM to 24.14 ± 0.02mM in the kidney and from 27.12 ± 0.01mM to 17.26 ± 0.03mM in the heart. However, with glibenclamide treatment we noted significant decreases in catalase activity from 32.13 ± 0.03 mM to 27.34 ± 0.04 mM in the kidney and from 27.12 ± 0.01 mM to 25.12 mM in the heart. Wakouba treatment has a better effect than Glibenclamide treatment; because the statistical analysis gives significantly more difference, in terms of catalase activity with Wakouba, than the values obtained with Glibenclamide treatment.