Ceramic composite materials in aircraft and automobile building

Annotation. Introduction. The ceramics by its physical and chemical properties, small specific gravity, high heat-resistance, corrosion-resistance and chemical inertness groves at last year's third industrial material after metals and polymers. The production of super-light CMC-composites (Ceramics Matrix Composites) on the base of ceramics gives a chance to a marked degree increase service properties of engines of internal combustion and aircraft turbines. High brittleness, low machinability and stability of mechanical and service properties are main drawbacks of ceramics. Improvement of ceramics' properties. There are two methods of removal of ceramics brittleness – its main drawback – and increasing of fracture toughness of ceramics products: 1) powder grinding up to nanosize and improvement compacting and sintering processes during production of CMC-composites; 2) the preventing of brittle cracks formation in loading process of parts by regulation of mixture powders composition and untorcing by fiters and so on. These methods give a chance to raise a stress intensity factor K1C of composite material from 1-2 to 15-20 MPa · m1/2. Using of ceramics products. In accordance with United States of America Standard Bureau data the using of ceramics parts and materials in aircraft, automobile building, productions of cutting tools and optical devices for broadcasting of information and so on give ability to decrease an expenses of titanium, tantalum, tungsten, cobalt, nickel and get essential economy of resources. The using of ceramics for production of aviation bearings gives an ability of increasing of rotors rotations speed, decrease requirements to lubricating and cooling. The compane “ESK” (FRD) produces ceramics bearings. According to European program of Joint Strike Fighter creation the ceramics bearing will be used. The Japan company “Nissan” produces turbo-compressors with rotors, made from ceramics Sі3N4. Company “Іsuzu” gave the information about producing of ceramics engine which is working on a benzine and diesel fuel and has speed up to 150 km/h. As conclusion, it may be said the now the increasing of tactic-technical characteristics of avia- and automobile engines stands impossible without the using of ceramics materials.