Interaction between pathogens and acute glomerulonephritis in childhood: A case report and sonographic appearance

More than one trigger are known as responsible for acute glomerulonephritis in the pediatric age. The most common infective trigger is beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A (GAS) but various infective agents, bacterial and viral, are capable of triggering the inflammatory process. We report a case of 5- year-old child who developed an acute glomerulonephritis related to a GAS and Mycoplasma pneumonia infection and Cytomegalovirus urine reactivation with ultrasound picture suggestive of important kidney involvement. The case support the hypothesis of a relationship between multiple infectious disease and immune-mediated and/or autoimmune mechanism whereas underling mechanism is still unclear and highlights the possible use of ultrasound as a tool to assess the severity of renal involvement.