Research on Strategies of Exam-Oriented Education Turning to Quality Education-Based on the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

The aim of national macroscopic education is cultivating students' personal quality and learning ability, but the choice of selecting talents by exam as an alternative standard has aroused the upsurge of "exam-oriented education" from primary school to university. From the perspective of new institutional economics, the traditional teaching concept of "exam-oriented education" is deeply rooted in people' mind because of the lack of effective property rights incentive system, such as transaction cost, path dependence and signal theory. As a derivative substitute, the exam can reduce the transaction cost, yet on the other hand, from the view of signal theory, it regards "score" as a signal to judge "quality and ability", which leads to asymmetric information and will have a great influence on the training of object of students and receiving objects of society as well as social relations. It's difficult for talents under exam-oriented education to adapt to the market economy in the disposition ability. This developing method causes the waste of social resources, which is contrary to the training goal. This paper studies and discusses the economic reasons of exam-oriented education from the perspective of new institutional economics, analyzes the necessity of quality-oriented education and puts forward specific methods and strategies.