Blood glucose monitoring techniques: recent advances, challenges and future perspectives

Blood glucose monitor is a fundamental tool to maintain and control blood glucose levels for routine management of diabetes and complications associated with it. There have been continuous scientific advances and achievements in biosensors for the development of comprehensive glucose monitoring systems since last few decades. Portable, accurate, and reliable glucose monitoring devices with advanced features have been developed in recent years. However, invasive glucose monitors remained the most dominant devices on the market. Commercialization of clinically accurate and dependable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring devices still require rigorous works and further studies in sensor technologies. The aim of this article is to bring current updates and recent progress in electrochemical glucose sensing and non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques along with their merits and limitations. We present their key challenges and address future prospects of non-invasive glucose monitoring.