MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMET-RIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE GLO-MERULOSA AND FASCSCBLATE ZONNES BLOOD VESSELS OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX OF RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL EXTRACELLULAR DEHYDRATION OF MIDDLE DEGREE

Objectives. One of the most common pathologies in the severely ill is the violation of the water-electrolyte exchange. Maintenance of water-salt homeostasis in the body is regulated by the nervous and humoral mechanisms. For extracellular dehydration, salt loss is inherent in the body, which is proportional to the loss of water. It is noted in bleeding, burns, peritonitis. Adrenal glands are the most important link in the chain of endocrine regulation of water-salt balance in the body. This brought back the attention of the authors to the study of this problem. Methods. With the purpose of studying the dynamics of vascular morphological alterations and rheological properties of glomerulosa and fasciculate zones blood vessels of the adrenal cortex of the sexually mature male rats, an experimental extracellular dehydration of moderate degree was modelled. The experiment was conducted on 12 white, sexually mature male rats weighing 250-300 g, aged 7-8 months. Morphometric, statistical and conventional methods of the micro anatomical (histological) research method were applied. Statistical processing of the results was carried out on a personal computer using the program "Statistica 8.0". Results of the study. At the 60th day of the experiment in the adrenal glands, significant changes in blood rheological properties and morph functional vessel rearrangement of the capsule, glomerular and bundle cortex of the adrenal glands are determined. The dissolution of connective tissue capsule and acute violation of their circulation in the form of diffuse venous-capillary elevated blood vessels of moderate degree of blood filling were determined. In veins, there was a change in the rheological and coagulative properties of blood in the form of separation of cellular elements of blood and plasma, as well as its condensation. The permeability of the vascular wall with partial release of blood cells in extracellular space has been disturbed. The arterial wall was significantly thickened; the cellular elements of blood in the lumen of the arteries were not detected. The cross-sectional area of the vessels of the beam region (μm²) increased by 4.5 times compared with the control (p≤ 0.001, t = 12, 08664). The large and small diameters of the vessels of the penetration zone of the adrenal glands exceeded their indices, respectively, in 4.1 (p≤ 0.001, t = 5, 05427) and 1.6 times (p≤0.01, t = 3.3289) compared to control. Conclusions. Violation of the water-salt balance of the organism causes negative changes in the vascular bed of the glomerular and bundle zone of the adrenal cortex of the experimental animals, with the most pronounced in the sub capsular zone and at the border of the bundle and mesh cortex. Morphological alterations of the vascular bed are associated with the development of polycythemia hypovolemia and, as a consequence, circulatory hypoxia. Morphologically, there are violations of blood vessel filling (diffuse venous-capillary plethora), changes in rheological properties of blood (stasis, with initial stages of coagulation), and the first signs of increased vascular wall permeability with the formation of individual small-centered diapedetic micro hemorrhages. A key and leading role in the pathogenesis of vascular wall morphology development is played by a decrease in the Na concentration in the body, which negatively affects the Na / K pump operation, osmotic pressure, changes in osmotic medium and pH of the plasma and indirectly affects the bicarbonate buffer. Dystrophic changes in the vascular bed of the glomerular and bundle adrenal glands have a negative effect on the morph functional and secretory activity of the cortical endocrinocytes, including, undoubtedly, on the processes of evacuation of hormones in the vascular bed.