The Role of Parental Illness Representations and Parental Coping in the Metabolic Control of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Parental illness representations and parental coping influence the adaptation process of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to study the role of family representations in the metabolic control of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The sample included 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents while waiting for a routine endocrinology appointment. Parents answered the Brief-Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ; Broadbent, Petrie, Main & Weinman, 2006) and Coping Health Inventory for Parents (McCubbin, McCubbin, Patterson, Cauble, Wilson, & Warwick, 1983). Glycosylated hemoglobin was assessed before the medical appointment. Results: Parental coping (understanding medical situation) was negatively correlated with metabolic control, i.e., higher parental coping was associated with better metabolic control. Parental illness representations (consequences, personal control, illness coherence and emotional representation) were positively associated with metabolic control, i.e., more consequences, less personal control, less illness coherence and worse emotional response were related to worse metabolic control. Parental illness representation (emotional response) and parental coping (understanding the medical situation) were predictors of metabolic control, explaining 18.2% of the variance. Conclusion: Intervention programs should address parental coping strategies to deal with the complex management of diabetes self-care in the family daily activities and focus on parental representations of diabetes in order to increase metabolic control, and prevent diabetes complications, thus contributing to a better adaptation to type 1 diabetes for both parents and adolescents.