SPECIFICITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL RELATIONS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Agrarian transformations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have both common features and national peculiarities. Studying the experience of market reforms in the agrarian sector of these countries is important for revealing the tendencies and patterns of transformation of agrarian relations, as it will allow to develop a well-balanced strategy and tactics of further market reforms in the agrarian sector of Ukraine and more fully take into account the negative factors that took place in the conditions of transformation processes in agriculture in countries with economies in transition. The subject of the study is the patterns and contradictions in the formation of a new system of economic relations in the agrarian sector of transition economies as a result of its market transformation. To clarify and disclose these questions, dialectical and systematic approaches, historical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, generalizations, and others were used. The purpose of the article is to find out the specifics and regularities of the transformation of agrarian relations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, to determine the contradictions of the transformations carried out. Conducting agrarian reforms in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe can be divided into three periods: at the first stage - the strategic task was the structural reform of the agricultural sector, which was based on the privatization of land; at the second stage there was a radical change in the direction of internal agricultural policy in the direction of policy of maintaining prices and markets, export and import restrictions; At the third stage (and in some countries it has already taken place), preparations for accession to the EU took place. The purpose of agrarian reforms in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe was to transform the agrarian sector of their national economies into a market-oriented sector of the economy. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: privatization of land and reorganization of former agricultural enterprises, structural adjustment of the agrarian sector; liberalization of markets, privatization in related branches of the agro-industrial complex, formation of market infrastructure; formation of a new state agro-food policy. The content and results of the reforms carried out to a large extent, especially at the first stage, were determined by the starting conditions that differed in certain countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The common results of agrarian transformations in almost all countries were: the establishment of multi-layered forms of ownership and forms of management in the countryside; the introduction of a land market controlled by the state; reducing the share of agriculture in the production of gross domestic product in national economies and reducing the share of employed in the production of agricultural products, etc.