NAJMUDDIN KUBRO, THE FOUNDER OF THE ORDER KUBRAWIYA

The largest psychological and economic crisis in Muslim history, caused by the Mongol invasion, conduced to the search for a more faithful lifestile of pious and righteous people. At the same time, the XIII century is marked as a mass emergence of Sufi communities or fraternities throughout the Muslim world, which quickly became a form of spreading Islam, in particular on the periphery. Each brotherhood and order having its own doctrine of the path and its own developed method of mystical knowledge, which combined activity and passivity in one way or another, adhered to the general Muslim tradition of inheriting mystical knowledge. This instructional design of Sufism, which occurred in the era of Najmuddin Kubro, was the reason for the emergence and formation of educational centers headed by mentors who trained students in a special tariq (“path”, “road”) transmitted by silsil (“chain”). These centers are marked the beginning of mystical schools, which gradually grew into orders. Thanks to the efforts of its founder Kubraviy later became one of the influential mystical schools of Khorasan and Maverannahr. The article discusses and analyzes the historical features of the emergence of this school, as well as biographical data of its founder.