Sociodemographic Characteristics of Obstetric Patients in the Intensive Care Unit in San Luis Potosí, Mexico

Introduction: Pregnancy is a natural state in a woman's life; however, it can be accompanied by complications which may conclude in maternal death or in the development of morbidity. Worldwide, a health complication during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium is 18% of the global diseases in women. Objective: To identify the sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis of admission and discharge of the obstetric patients in the ICU) of Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social No.1 in San Luis Potosi, from January 1 to December 31, 2014. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, transversal, retrolective study. A total sample of 52 patients, selected for consecutive cases, not probabilistically. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was carried out where the results were graphed, and presented as frequencies in addition to Fisher's test and Odds Ratio for the corresponding variables. Results: We studied 52 patients admitted to the ICU from 18 to 41 years old with an average age of 27.7 years. It was found lack of complete education. The diagnoses found were 67.9% with hypertensive disorders, within hypertensive disorders, Severe Preeclampsia was found with 59.6%, mild preeclampsia 5.8%, and 3.8% with HELLP syndrome. However, when calculating the Odds ratio between the two groups for this relationship we find 0.44 with a confidence interval of 0.13 to 1.48. There were 28.3% with the diagnosis of obstetric hemorrhage due to uterine atony and 3.9% with sepsis whose causes included surgical wound infection and urinary tract infection, treated mostly with ceftriaxone. Conclusion: The risk factors must be treated immediately for preventive measures such as close monitoring of blood pressure, obesity and urinary tract infections, these being those that most appeared in the patients admitted to the ICU.