Development of the method for assessing and predicting the sensitivity of living organisms

The active life of human society is multilateral environmental changes. Prior to the development of industrial civilization, before the beginning of the XIX century, contamination were severely limited by the nature, number and distribution. Now to old problems added new — unnatural chemical compounds, which can not adapt biological systems. Over the past years (20-30 years) synthesized by a 4 Mill. New chemical compounds. Annually about 30 thousand. Kinds of new chemical compounds, xenobiotics. This time there was a necessity of their ecological sensitivity assessment and forecasting of living organisms to man-made and chemical load. Namely, in terms of danger to living organisms, populations and ecological communities of organisms Environmental Toxicology — a new field of environmental science — appeared on the stage of man's awareness of the need for the formation of knowledge of the fluctuations and changes in the state of its environment under the influence of the huge number of alien nature of the substances. All kinds of classical quantitative toxicological studies are fully used to determine the ecotoxicity of xenobiotics. Acute toxicity ekopollyutantov determined experimentally in several species that are representatives of different trophic levels of the organization in the ecosystem (algae, plants, invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals). Environmental Protection Agency of the USA requires the determination of the water quality criteria containing a toxicant, to determine its toxicity, at least eight different types of fresh water and marine organisms (16 tests). Repeatedly attempts have been made to rank the types of living creatures according to their susceptibility to xenobiotics.