THE SPECIFICATION PRINCIPLE IN MOTOR REHABILITATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC FORMS OF MOTOR IMPAIRMENTS

The methodological aspect of the specification in the motor rehabilitation of young children with spastic forms of motor dysfunctions is considered in the article. It is noted that the creation of an effective system of adaptive physical education targeted to the children with spastic motor disorders must undergo these consistent transformations: differentiation - specification - individualization. It is also shown how, depending on the differentiation of the characteristics of spastic manifestations in muscles and on motor disorders which arise in this regard, there appears a methodical specificity of their correction according to the spatial, temporal and energy parameters. The bases of variational approaches in the corrective process are described depending on the direction of the spastic manifestations in the muscles (flexor or extensor), the degree of their expression / manifestation (light, medium, highly manifested), the type of tonic disorder in the muscles (spastic or plastic), the level of localization of the lesion (cortex, brain stem, spinal), the chronological phase of the disease and the features of postural-tonic reflexes. Some tonic reflexes of the brain stem of the boulevard and especially its mesencephalic sections, which are responsible for the redistribution of muscle tone depending on the position of the body in space, were considered. If the pathological reflex is not timely extinguished, then while training children in the main movements (lying, crawling, sitting, standing, etc.) joint contractures may be developed. Depending on the dominant position of the head, the general pathological posture is formed: if it is more often in a bent state, then, accordingly, contractures will be formed in bent hands and extensor contractures in the legs. With a head being constantly unbent, the extensor contractures will be formed already in the hands, and the flexor contractions – in the legs. Redistribution of the tone is carried out by means of reflex and ensures the preservation of the body balance. If the above reflexes are preserved after 2‒4 months, they must be classified as pathological, which presupposes a number of corrective actions to remedy them. It is noted that the listed specificity of spastic motor disorders presupposes the formulation of the bases for the methodological support of the principle of specificity in the practical rehabilitation of the children constituting this category by means of physical education. This methodological approach is to be reflected, first of all, in the spatial, temporal and energy indicators of the correctional process by means of physical education. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the elaboration of the methods enabling the correction of spasmodic motor impairments by means of physical education might be considered as the prospect of further research within this specific area of corrective measures aimed at overcoming the negative consequences of muscle spasticity.