Peasantry of Zolotonsky district in the age of revolutionary shocks at the beginning of the XX century: everyday life and the struggle for land and freedom

The essence of the problem considered in the article is to grasp the epistemologically important topic of everyday life of the most massive category of Ukrainian society, which at the beginning of the last century was a peasantry. The purpose of the proposed intelligence is to analyze the daily life and participation in protest actions of the peasantry of Zolotonysk district from 1905 (the beginning of the First People's Revolution) to 1921 (the end of the Ukrainian Revolution) based on documentary sources (including archival sources) and early printed publications. Applied descriptive, retrospective, comparative, historical, statistical and analytical methods of research. Taking into account the wide range of issues considered in the development of economics and public life, authors on the interdisciplinary level also used methodical tools and some definitions of economic theory and sociology. Based on the empirical material involved, the authors analyzed the daily routine of the Zolotonosha district of the Poltava province. It was established that the peasantry was more than 90 % of the population of this region. The landlessness and plenty of peasant families caused striking social conflicts and mass poverty. In the countryside, darkness and ignorance prevailed, and low levels of health care turned into mass mortality. The forms of participation of the peasantry of the county in social conflicts during the revolutionary events of 1905–1907 and 1917–1921 were also considered. On the basis of micro-level sections, the integrated level systematizes the actual data on the vital activity and struggle for the land and the will of the peasantry of the separate district of the Dnieper Ukraine. The statistical calculations concerning the socio-economic situation of the peasants of the specified region are carried out, previously unknown facts of everyday life of the rural society are involved. Based on the empirical material involved, it was concluded that the everyday life of the peasants of Zolotoniski County was characterized as typical for this category of Ukrainian society by features and by a certain regional specificity.