PSYCHODYNAMIC IDEA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: FROM GESTALT TO MOTIVATION

Abstract. The article presents a psychological analysis of the formation of the field of psychodynamic concepts in the twentieth century, which now, in our opinion, can successfully claim the title of a new field of psychological science – psychodynamics. The most important thing in the formation of any experimental science is the structuring of knowledge about elementary, then indivisible at a certain level of knowledge of the particles of the studied matter, the sets of which constitute the substrate of motion. The term psychodynamics at present in Russian psychology can be considered as sufficiently established. In the dictionaries of domestic authors, we do not find the term Psychodynamics: immediately after the "psychodiagnostics" usually follow "psychedelics" (obviously much more important for psychologists concept), or "psychodynamic properties of the person", which refers to the reference to neurodynamic properties. In translated dictionaries, the term "psychodynamics" occurs more often, mainly in close connection with psychoanalysis. For example, the theory of psychodynamics is one of the most important aspects of psychoanalysis, which explains the phenomena of thinking, feelings and behavior as a result of the interaction of opposite motivational forces. The main attention of psychodynamics is focused on the study of mutual influences of different motives, elucidation of the essence of mental processes, development, progress, regression and fixation of mental activity. …» Psychodynamics is a specific mechanism that begins its functioning with the introduction of the interaction of opposite motivational forces and ends with a neurotic symptom. From the point of view of classical psychoanalysis, this may be true. Z. Freud has repeatedly stressed that the internal conflict of the individual as the interiorization of the inevitable conflict between the individual and society is the basis of almost any mental manifestation.