Semantic-Functional Features of the Past Participle (By Comparing the Tatar and Turkish Languages)

It is known that the Tatar language is a part of the Kypchak group, and the modern Turkish language is comprehended in the Oguz group. In turn, they both developed under the influence of the Arabic and Persian languages. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Oguz elements were also reflected in the Tatar literary language. The Oguz elements can be seen in the works of famous writers and poets of the time, such as Musa Akkheget, Utyz Imani, Gayaz Iskhaki, Dardmand, Gabdulla Tukay and many others. Most enlighteners of the Tatar people were educated in Turkey. For example, Dardmand lived in Istanbul in 1880-1881, studied the Turkish language and literature, communicated with prominent Turkish writers, and followed their work. After returning to his homeland, he applied the experience of Turkish poets, used certain elements of the Turkish language. An important element of the ethnic affinity of the Tatar and Turkish people is the similarity of linguistic elements, traditions, folk art. The same works, for example, «Кутадгу белек», are a key work for these languages, the basis of Tatar and Turkish literature. Religious similarities are also an important factor for the interconnection and mutual understanding of these two peoples. Therefore, a comparative study of these two languages makes it possible to draw interesting conclusions. This determines the relevance of the topic. This article gives a comparative analysis of the participles of the Tatar and Turkish languages. The scientific novelty of this article is defined by a comparative analysis of the past participles of the Tatar (-ган/-гән, -кан/-кән) and Turkish (-mış/-miş/-muş/-müş; -dık/-dik/-duk/-dük) languages. In the course of the study, it is stated that each language, although it is part of the Turkic group, has distinctive features and peculiarities. At the same time, one can notice the influence of the Turkish language on the Tatar language. The choice of research methods is determined by the goals and objectives of the work, as well as the specificity of the studied material. The traditional methods of grammatical analysis were used in this the research: descriptive, contrastive-historical, descriptive-analytical, method of continuous sampling.