Geo-spatial distribution of serologically detected bovine Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) serotype outbreaks in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara State-Nigeria

In this study, geo-spatial distribution of bovine Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks were investigated to establish the prevalence and distribution of FMD serotypes in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state-Nigeria. This purposive study involved 15 FMD outbreaks occurred during December 2010 to March 2011. For geo-spatial analysis, the outbreak locations were indexed using Global Positioning Service (GPS) device (EtrexR). Randomly sampled bovine sera (n=64) from herd representatives were subjected to FMD 3ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FMD 3ABC ELISA) and solid-phase competitive ELISA (SP-cELISA), for the screening and serotyping of FMD virus, respectively. The serotypes were indexed with the specific outbreak locations. Through ELISA, the FMD serotypes detected in this study were- serotype O (83%; n=53/64), serotype A (7.8%; n=5/64), serotype vaccine O (1.6%; n=1/64)), and serotype vaccine SAT2 (1.6%; n=1/64). Multiple serotypes were observed in two different combinations; these were O and A (4.7%; n=3/64), and O and SAT2 (1.6%; n=1/64). FMD multiple serotype infections were associated with absence of cross-immunity between serotypes and cross reactivity enhanced by clustered herds, highland study area topography, road and river interconnectivity, possible human settlements, activities and traffic. This study provides baseline information on geo-spatial distribution, and identification of prevalent FMD serotypes in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state-Nigeria.