Genetic analysis to determine the nature and magnitude of genetic variances and heritability estimates in maize (Zea mays L.)

The F1 hybrids along with the parents were evaluated in field for genetic analysis to determine the nature and magnitude of genetic variances and heritability estimates a in maize (Zea mays L.) in 2012 using RCBD with three replications. Results analysis of variance showed, based upon the results of tests, simple genetic model was fully adequate for analyzing the data set for all traits except plant height. It was observed that a and b components which are due to additive and dominant gene effects, respectively, were significant for all studied characteristics. Estimates of genetic components of variance according to Hayman (1954) revealed that the value of D is less than H1 and H2 indicating that dominant genetic effects for traits such as the days taken to tasseling, plant height, HI and grain yield per plant were more important than additive genetic effects. Thus the selection in later generations may be more effective. However, the values of H1 and H2 were < D denoting that genes showing dominance effect for 100 grain weight, number of rows per ear and number of kernels per row were less important than additive genes. The 100 grain weight, number of rows per ear and number of kernels per row were under the control of additive type of gene action and so the selection in early generations will be more effective for these traits which is additively controlled.