IVAN FRANKO ABOUT THE EMIGRATION OF UKRAINIANS: HISTORICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNITY

The article attempts to consider the labor emigration of Ukrainians through the work of Ivan Franko in the historical and economic aspect. The writer 's views and position on the problems of labor emigration of Ukrainians in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are discussed, as well as parallels with modern emigration processes are conducted. Attention is drawn to the description of the methods, means and mechanisms that were used to emigrate Ukrainians, which were covered in the scientific and literary work of Ivan Franko. It also explains the up-front factors that have prompted Ukrainians to emigrate, in particular labor, and attempts to analyze the positive and negative effects of Ukrainian emigration processes in different historical periods through the prism of Ivan Franko work. Also, the relationship between land ownership and Ukrainian emigration abroad is traced. It is emphasized that many questions raised by Ivan Franko have not lost their relevance in the present historical period. Ivan Franko in a number of his publications makes an attempt to understand the reasons for the emigration of the complex - economic, political, domestic, and environmental. In particular, he is one of the first not only among Ukrainian but also European researchers to draw attention to the deterioration of the ecological component and its direct impact on the emigration processes of the population. Also, the ideological and propaganda aspect in the influences on the emigration of Ukrainians. Particularly visible in the works of Ivan Franko, the inability of state and municipal government to quickly influence the process of emigration. The article gives a brief description of the research of this problem in the works of Ivan Franko by Ukrainian scholars. The urgency of this problem has gained a new sound today, as Ukraine received free access to the world labor market, and also found itself at the epicenter of a geopolitical conflict between civilizational warfare, which, in turn, influenced the qualitative and quantitative indicators of emigration.