Essays on the history of Russian and Ukrainian physiology of the 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries

Many new facts and theories have appeared in physiology. The solution of complex physiological problems required collaboration of physiologists, pathologists, biochemists, biophysicists, mathematicians, and other specialists. That was possible due to the rapid development of new technologies as well as the robust foundation laid by the outstanding physiologists of the 19th century. This article describes the activities of outstanding Russian and Ukrainian physiologists of the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Among them were Ivan Sechenov, Nikolai Vvedenskii, Aleksei Ukhtomskii, Alexandr Samoilov and Ivan Pavlov in Russia, Ivan Shchelkov, Vasyl Danylevskyi, Adolf Beck, Bronisław Verigo, Alexander Walter, Vasyl Chahovets, and Volodymyr Pravdych-Neminskyi in Ukraine.