Migration and Mental Health: Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of a Sample of Nigerians Who Had Mental Breakdown during their Sojourn Overseas

Since time immemorial, human beings have moved from one place to another and the process of migration and its accompanying stressors affect migrating individuals and their families. This process is neither simple nor straightforward and at times impacts negatively on the migrant leading to mental health challenges and impairing the achievement of the purpose of travelling. This study aimed at determining the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of Nigerians who travelled outside the country but developed (or relapsed from) mental disorders and on return sought for medical attention in our facility. Relevant sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted using a researcher-developed questionnaire and analysis done using the SPSS, version 22. Fifty-two eligible and consenting patients (48% males, 52% females), aged 15 - 36 years (mean= 24.3±10.5 years), were recruited over the 4-year study period. Major purpose of travel was to study, trade or do menial jobs though up to one-quarter had nothing in particular in mind to do on arrival to their destination. Europe and Asia were the continents that majority travelled to. 25% were incarcerated in foreign countries while migrating and about 77% were compelled to return home. 79% had mental breakdown within the first two years of leaving Nigeria. It was the first time that majority (82.7%) travelled out of Nigeria. Schizophrenia was the most diagnosed condition while finance, academic, accommodation, and psychoactive substance use-related issues were the most reported or suspected stressors. Proper psychiatric evaluation is advocated for young people who wish to travel out, especially vulnerable individuals. Parents are also advised not to enforce a career on their children and the current efforts of the Nigerian government to regulate exit from the country should be supported while government is also urged to address the key factors that warrant youths from leaving the country