ETUDE PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET ACTIVITES BIOLOGIQUES DE DEUX PLANTES : ALCHORNEA FLORIBUNDA (EUPHORBIACEAE) ET BRIDELIA FERRUGINEA (PHYLLANTHACEAE)

In addition to metabolic diseases, microbial pathologies often characterized by resistance and multiresistance phenomena of certain strains with known reference molecules, constitute a real public health problem in the world as a result of the number of deaths caused each year by these pathologies. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of aqueous extracts of Alchornea floribunda and Brideliaferruginea. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined by the calorimetric and differential method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the antiradical activity of the radical DPPH. Also, antimicrobial activity was determined by the well method in agar and determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. The results of the phytochemical screening reveal a wealth of phytomolecules with antimicrobial properties such as polyphenols, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. Also, they emphasize that both extracts have antioxidant activities. However, the average antioxidant activity of the extract of Alchornea floribunda is greater than that of Brideliaferruginea. This activity is comparable to that of gallic acid and ascorbic acid in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The study of the antimicrobial activity of these two plants revealed a significant antibacterial activity with respect to several bacterial strains responsible for infantile diarrhea, namely: Shigellasonnei, Shigella spp., Yersinia pestis, Raoultellaornithinilytica, Escherichia vulneris, Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli, as well as a remarkable yeast antifungal activity (Candidaspp PV, Candida albicansbucal, Candida albicans PV).