STRESS HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND DEVELOP CARE PATHWAYS TO ATTAIN GLYCAEMIC CONTROL IN PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD IN PERSPECTIVE TO NURSING CARE: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Background: Surgical trauma stimulate the ?stress response? which leads to release of counter-regulatory hormones which cause anti-insulin effect, hyperglycaemia, gluconeogenesis and decrease peripheral glucose uptake. Anaesthesia, especially general anaesthesia is more frequently associated with increased blood glucose level and higher levels of catecholamine, cortisol and glucagon. Risk of long perioperative hyperglycaemia cause impaired wound healing and wound infection and poor overall outcome of surgery. Methodology: PubMed, Embess, Google Scholars and other electronic search engines were used to get high standard evidence regarding management of hyperglycaemia in perioperative period to get appropriate conclusions. Results: The evidence of different sources indicates a great need to develop standard protocols to maintain the appropriate glycaemic level of patients with or without diabetes in perioperative period. Conclusion: There is a rise in number of diabetic patients who come to operative room for different reasons. So it is a great challenge for perioperative nurse to maintain appropriate glycaemic level of patients during perioperative phase. The pathways should be developed to help a perioperative nurse to maintain the adequate glycaemic level of patient in this crucial period.