CYBER THREATS OF CURRENT SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

In the article, the author investigates the essence of the main cyber threats of the modern security environment, as well as the peculiarities of their manifestation in Ukraine as an element of hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation. The author defines such threats as cyber terrorism, cyber war, cyber-espionage and cybercrime, which at present are determined by the vast majority of states as the main threats to cyber security and are relevant for Ukraine as well. The article deals with the content, main subjects, objects and mechanisms of such threats. Particular attention is paid to the study of Russian cyber aggression, which uses Ukraine as a testing ground for cyber warfare and complex cyber-attacks as well as develops mechanisms for using cyber-attacks as a tool of special information operations aimed at undermining the vital interests of Ukraine and securing Russia's political advantages. According to the results of the study, it was found that in the conditions of rapid development of information technologies in combination with radical changes in the modern security environment, a significant transformation of cyber threats to the national security of the state took place. It is shown, that today the greatest danger coming from the cyberspace is the unlawful cyber influence of the special services of foreign powers (first of all, the Russian Federation), terrorist organizations and other criminal groups on the computer systems of state authorities and critical infrastructure for the purpose of cyber-espionage, cyber terrorism, massive cyber attacks, and carrying out of special informational operations against Ukraine. The author concludes that in the course of the unlawful cyber influence several threats that are interrelated can be manifested simultaneously, as well as their realization may involve radically different entities, in particular, hacking groups and private IT companies controlled by special services. The following testifies to the complexity and advanced nature of modern cyber threats, as well as the partial merging of their traditional types such as "cyber war", "cyber-espionage", "cybercrime" and "cyber terrorism". Taking into account the obtained conclusions, the author substantiates the necessity of comprehensive approach at the national level to the organization of counteraction to current cyber threats with priority on enhancing cyber capabilities of the state and developing effective mechanisms of interaction between the main subjects of the National Cyber Security System of Ukraine.[N1]