CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS AND STRUCTURES OPERATED IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE BLACK SEA COAST

Concrete and reinforced concrete are used for the construction of buildings and structures with long-term operation. The use of structures made of these building materials is massive, and more than 4.5 billion m3 per year of concrete and reinforced concrete are produced in the world to meet the requirements in the building industry. During operation, structures are often exposed to adverse environmental effects (aggressive chemicals in the form of gases, salt solutions and aerosols, microorganisms) and turn out to be in difficult working conditions.