Increased Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (Mci) by Impaired Glucose Metabolism| Biomed Grid

Diabetes has been evaluated as a key risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia [1-3]. Then, increasing the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes would contribute the burden of MCI and dementia in the healthcare systems in each country [4]. Consequently, the links between diabetes, MCI and dementia would be investigated for the improvement of these diseases in the future [4]. A metabolic state that exists between normal glucose variability and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) would be defined as prediabetes. Recently the ratio of the prediabetes in adult has been rapidly increasing, which would be estimated as about 35% in the USA and UK, and up to about 50% in China [4]. Across the world, approximately 47 million people were suffering from dementia in 2015, and this number is estimated to triple by 2050 [2]. Furthermore, the global cost of dementia in 2015 was probably to be US$818 billion, and this figure will be increased as the subjects with dementia will rise [2]. There have been several statistic data about dementia and diabetes. T2DM patients for 5 years or more tend to show increased dementia risk of 40-60% [7]. The risk for dementia seems to be increased for higher mean blood glucose in the patients less than 84 years old. The treatment of not insulin, but oral hypoglycemic agents would lead to lower risk of developing dementia [7]. Furthermore, hypoglycaemia seems to show a bi-directional association with cognitive impairment [8]. T2DM has been evaluated to increase the risk for cognitive dysfunction across all cognitive domains. The relative risks of developing dementia and vascular dementia in people with T2DM would be 1.51and 2.48, respectively [9].