METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGY GENESIS

In a retrospective apprehension, the article presents the emergence of scientific psychological thought from the standpoint of methodology as intellectual toolkit of effective application of methods, forms and means of research practice in the system of relations “human – world”. Methodological “filters” optimize scientific researches in the socio-psychological sphere, and customize the essential and structural-functional filling of the personal perception of the worldview as the system result of human cognitive activity – psychological knowledge. Historical development of the human as a subject of cognitive activity is defined through mental efforts in singling out oneself from the general world as a system-spanning correlation of people, things, events, concepts, under the pressure of external conditions of social interaction and is crystallized in distinctive personal worldview, imbued with canonical ways of its being – awareness, integrity, vitality, action, reflection. Psychological understanding of the surrounding reality by the human is carried out through subjective optics of perception of the time and space of personal being and, at the same time, objective evaluation of its rational-sensitive vision of the environment in which the search of sign systems of personified worldview is carried out. Here, the main role is played by a methodology that defines the contours of the ordering of psychological knowledge, products of thinking and social experience of mankind, and becomes a means of implementation of the reflexive thinking activity in the cognition of reality. Psychological thought includes the prototype of the idea of unity of a man and the world. With accumulation of life realization experience, this image gets relative independence in the form of views and opinions. This worldview as an ordered system of knowledge generates awareness of its belonging to the surrounding reality, comprehension of its social and role-playing activity, a deep understanding of the relationship of reality phenomena and creation on this basis of new meanings and ideas. The main channel of cognitive activity is thinking, aimed at understanding the human being essence.